<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Hansen, L.S.; Olson, J.A.; Silverman, S. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients. Oral Surgery, Oral Med. Oral Pathol.<\/em> 1985<\/strong>, 60<\/em>, 285\u2013298, doi:10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90313-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Aguirre-Urizar, J.M. Proliferative multifocal leukoplakia better name that proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. World J. Surg. Oncol.<\/em> 2011<\/strong>, 9<\/em>, 122, doi:10.1186\/1477-7819-9-122.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Villa, A.; Menon, R.S.; Kerr, A.R.; De Abreu Alves, F.; Guollo, A.; Ojeda, D.; Woo, S.B. Proliferative leukoplakia: Proposed new clinical diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2018<\/strong>, 24<\/em>, 749\u2013760, doi:10.1111\/odi.12830.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Warnakulasuriya, S.; Kujan, O.; Aguirre\u2010Urizar, J.M.; Bagan, J. V.; Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Moles, M.\u00c1.; Kerr, A.R.; Lodi, G.; Mello, F.W.; Monteiro, L.; Ogden, G.R.; et al. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2020<\/strong>, odi.13704, doi:10.1111\/odi.13704.<\/p>\n\n\n\n5. Villa, A.; Sonis, S. Oral leukoplakia remains a challenging condition. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2018<\/strong>, 24<\/em>, 179\u2013183, doi:10.1111\/odi.12781.<\/p>\n\n\n\n6. van der Waal, I. Oral leukoplakia; a proposal for simplification and consistency of the clinical classification and terminology. Med. Oral Patol. Oral y Cir. Bucal<\/em> 2019<\/strong>, 24<\/em>, e799\u2013e803, doi:10.4317\/medoral.23372.<\/p>\n\n\n\n7. Petti, S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: A systematic review. Oral Oncol.<\/em> 2003<\/strong>, 39<\/em>, 770\u2013780, doi:10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00102-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n8. Lombardi, N.; D\u2019amore, F.; Elli, C.; Pispero, A.; Moneghini, L.; Franchini, R. Gingival lesion in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Dent. Cadmos<\/em> 2020<\/strong>, 88<\/em>, 647\u2013648, doi:10.19256\/d.cadmos.10.2020.03.<\/p>\n\n\n\n9. Staines, K.; Rogers, H. Oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A review for dental practitioners. Br. Dent. J.<\/em> 2017<\/strong>, 223<\/em>, 655\u2013661, doi:10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.881.<\/p>\n\n\n\n10. Varoni, E.M.; Lombardi, N.; Franchini, R.; D\u2019Amore, F.; Noviello, V.; Cassani, B.; Moneghini, L.; Sardella, A.; Lodi, G. Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and sexual behaviors in a young cohort of oral cancer survivors. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2021<\/strong>, 27<\/em>, 919\u2013923, doi:10.1111\/odi.13622.<\/p>\n\n\n\n11. Bagan, J. V.; Jimenez, Y.; Murillo, J.; Gavald\u00e1, C.; Poveda, R.; Scully, C.; Alberola, T.M.; Torres-Puente, M.; P\u00e9rez-Alonso, M. Lack of Association Between Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Human Papillomavirus Infection. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.<\/em> 2007<\/strong>, 65<\/em>, 46\u201349, doi:10.1016\/j.joms.2005.12.066.<\/p>\n\n\n\n12. Palefsky, J.M.; Silverman, S.; Abdel\u2010Salaam, M.; Daniels, T.E.; Greenspan, J.S. Association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and infection with human papillomavirus type 16. J. Oral Pathol. Med.<\/em> 1995<\/strong>, 24<\/em>, 193\u2013197, doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01165.x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n13. Campisi, G.; Giovannelli, L.; Ammatuna, P.; Capra, G.; Colella, G.; Di Liberto, C.; Gandolfo, S.; Pentenero, M.; Carrozzo, M.; Serpico, R.; et al. Proliferative verrucous vs conventional leukoplakia: No significantly increased risk of HPV infection. Oral Oncol.<\/em> 2004<\/strong>, 40<\/em>, 835\u2013840, doi:10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.02.007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n14. Cabay, R.J.; Morton, T.H.; Epstein, J.B. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: A review of the literature. J. Oral Pathol. Med.<\/em> 2007<\/strong>, 36<\/em>, 255\u2013261, doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00506.x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n15. Iocca, O.; Sollecito, T.P.; Alawi, F.; Weinstein, G.S.; Newman, J.G.; De Virgilio, A.; Di Maio, P.; Spriano, G.; Pardi\u00f1as L\u00f3pez, S.; Shanti, R.M. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of malignant transformation rate by subtype. Head Neck<\/em> 2020, 42<\/em>, 539\u2013555.<\/p>\n\n\n\n16. Villa, A.; Celentano, A.; Glurich, I.; Borgnakke, W.S.; Jensen, S.B.; Peterson, D.E.; Delli, K.; Ojeda, D.; Vissink, A.; Farah, C.S. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2019, 25<\/em>, 64\u201378.<\/p>\n\n\n\n17. Lodi, G.; Tarozzi, M.; Baruzzi, E.; Costa, D.; Franchini, R.; D\u2019Amore, F.; Carassi, A.; Lombardi, N. Odontoiatria e cancro della bocca: dai fattori di rischio alla riabilitazione – Modulo 1: Epidemiologia e fattori di rischio. Dent. Cadmos<\/em> 2021<\/strong>, 89<\/em>, 01, doi:10.19256\/d.cadmos.01.2021.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n18. Lombardi, N.; Varoni, E.M.; Moneghini, L.; Lodi, G. Submucosal oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oral Oncol.<\/em> 2021<\/strong>, 115<\/em>, 105121, doi:10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.105121.<\/p>\n\n\n\n19. Capella, D.L.; Gon\u00e7alves, J.M.; Abrantes, A.A.A.; Grando, L.J.; Daniel, F.I. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: diagnosis, management and current advances. Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol.<\/em> 2017<\/strong>, 83<\/em>, 585\u2013593, doi:10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.12.005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n20. Cerero-Lapiedra, R.; Balade-Martinez, D.; Moreno-Lopez, L.; Esparza-Gomez, G.; Bagan, J. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A proposal for diagnostic criteria. Med. Oral Patol. Oral y Cir. Bucal<\/em> 2010<\/strong>, 15<\/em>, e839\u2013e845, doi:10.4317\/medoral.15.e839.<\/p>\n\n\n\n21. Pentenero, M.; Meleti, M.; Vescovi, P.; Gandolfo, S. Oral proliferative verrucous leucoplakia: Are there particular features for such an ambiguous entity? A systematic review. Br. J. Dermatol.<\/em> 2014, 170<\/em>, 1039\u20131047.<\/p>\n\n\n\n22. Villa, A.; Woo, S. Bin Leukoplakia\u2014A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.<\/em> 2017, 75<\/em>, 723\u2013734.<\/p>\n\n\n\n23. Bagan, J.; Murillo-Cortes, J.; Poveda-Roda, R.; Leopoldo-Rodado, M.; Bagan, L. Second primary tumors in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a series of 33 cases. Clin. Oral Investig.<\/em> 2020<\/strong>, 24<\/em>, 1963\u20131969, doi:10.1007\/s00784-019-03059-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n24. Abadie, W.M.; Partington, E.J.; Fowler, C.B.; Schmalbach, C.E. Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Otolaryngol. – Head Neck Surg. (United States)<\/em> 2015<\/strong>, 153<\/em>, 504\u2013511, doi:10.1177\/0194599815586779.<\/p>\n\n\n\n25. Warnakulasuriya, S.; Johnson, N.W.; Van Der Waal, I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J. Oral Pathol. Med.<\/em> 2007, 36<\/em>, 575\u2013580.<\/p>\n\n\n\n26. Ghazali, N.; Bakri, M.M.; Zain, R.B. Aggressive, multifocal oral verrucous leukoplakia: proliferative verrucous leukoplakia or not? J. Oral Pathol. Med.<\/em> 2003<\/strong>, 32<\/em>, 383\u2013392, doi:10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00180.x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n27. Warnakulasuriya, S. Clinical features and presentation of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol.<\/em> 2018, 125<\/em>, 582\u2013590.<\/p>\n\n\n\n28. Garcia-Pola, M.; Llorente-Pendas, S.; Gonzalez-Garcia, M.; Garcia-Martin, J. The development of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia in oral lichen planus. A preliminary study. Med. Oral Patol. Oral y Cir. Bucal<\/em> 2016<\/strong>, 21<\/em>, e328\u2013e334, doi:10.4317\/medoral.20832.<\/p>\n\n\n\n29. McParland, H.; Warnakulasuriya, S. Lichenoid morphology could be an early feature of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. J. Oral Pathol. Med.<\/em> 2021<\/strong>, 50<\/em>, 229\u2013235, doi:10.1111\/jop.13129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n30. Carrard, V.C.; Brouns, E.R.E.A.; van der Waal, I. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia; A critical appraisal of the diagnostic criteria. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal<\/em> 2013<\/strong>, 18<\/em>, e411\u2013e413, doi:10.4317\/medoral.18912.<\/p>\n\n\n\n31. Warnakulasuriya, S. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A comprehensive review on clinical aspects and management. Oral Oncol.<\/em> 2020<\/strong>, 102<\/em>, 104550, doi:10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104550.<\/p>\n\n\n\n32. Pentenero, M.; Carrozzo, M.; Pagano, M.; Galliano, D.; Broccoletti, R.; Scully, C.; Gandolfo, S. Oral mucosal dysplastic lesions and early squamous cell carcinomas: Underdiagnosis from incisional biopsy. Oral Dis.<\/em> 2003<\/strong>, 9<\/em>, 68\u201372, doi:10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2003.02875.x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n33. Lee, J.J.; Hung, H.C.; Cheng, S.J.; Chiang, C.P.; Liu, B.Y.; Yu, C.H.; Jeng, J.H.; Chang, H.H.; Kok, S.H. Factors associated with underdiagnosis from incisional biopsy of oral leukoplakic lesions. Oral Surgery, Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology<\/em> 2007<\/strong>, 104<\/em>, 217\u2013225, doi:10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.02.012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n34. Lodi, G.; Franchini, R.; Warnakulasuriya, S.; Varoni, E.M.; Sardella, A.; Kerr, A.R.; Carrassi, A.; MacDonald, L.C.; Worthington, H. V.; Mauleffinch, L.F. Limited evidence for interventions to treat oral leukoplakia. Evid. Based. Dent.<\/em> 2017, 18<\/em>, 92\u201393.<\/p>\n\n\n\n35. Thomson, P.J.; McCaul, J.A.; Ridout, F.; Hutchison, I.L. To treat\u2026or not to treat? Clinicians\u2019 views on the management of oral potentially malignant disorders. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.<\/em> 2015<\/strong>, 53<\/em>, 1027\u20131031, doi:10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.08.263.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
DEFINITION PVL can be considered a distinct form of oral leukoplakia (OL) characterized by multifocal lesions, progressive clinical course and changes in clinical appearance and histopathologic features. However, such a position to classify PVL as a separate entity is not universally agreed, since large, widespread leukoplakias, and not only PVLs, carry a distinct risk of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/proliferative-verrucous-leukoplakia.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1069,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions\/1069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opmdcare.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}